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Minggu, 22 Juli 2012

Tikus Agouti Dasyprocta punctata Sebar Benih

Jurnal Kesimpulan.com - Tikus Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) menyebarkan bibit pohon kelapa hitam Panama (Astrocaryum standleyanum) di hutan hujan Amerika Latin.

Neotropik Amerika tengah dan selatan memiliki banyak jenis tanaman dengan buah-buahan yang mungkin sekali dicerna dan kemudian di buang dalam air besar mamalia besar Pleistosen yang menyebarkan benih hingga jauh.

Tapi mamalia besar yang paling mungkin diburu hingga kepunahan 10.000 tahun lalu. Muncul pertanyaan besar mengapa tanaman paleotropik tetap tidak punah?

Patrick Jansen, ekolog Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute di Panama, dan rekan menemukan figur lain.

Tikus tropis Agouti paca (Dasyprocta punctata) mengambil alih peran penyebar benih. Video memantau cache dan melampirkan pemancar radio lebih dari 400 hari. Mereka mencuri biji Astrocaryum standleyanum milik tikus lain dan menyembunyikan berulang kali.

Benih akhirnya berakhir hingga 280 meter dari titik awal. Penyebaran benih sangat penting bagi tanaman untuk bertahan dalam menghadapi predator dan penyakit. Selain itu, penyebaran benih jarak jauh untuk mempertahankan arus gen populasi dan menjajah situs baru.

Hutan tropis di Amerika Tengah dan Selatan kaya jenis tumbuhan berkayu dengan buah-buahan yang secara struktural mirip dengan buah pohon Paleotropik. Di Afrika dan Asia peran ini dilakukan oleh megafauna yang sangat langka ditemukan di benua Amerika pasca kepunahan gajah 10.000 tahun lalu.
Thieving rodents as substitute dispersers of megafaunal seeds

Patrick A. Jansen1,2,3, Ben T. Hirsch1,4, Willem-Jan Emsens2,5, Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez2,6, Martin Wikelski1,7,8, and Roland Kays1,9,10
  1. Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panamá;
  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
  3. Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands;
  4. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
  5. Ecosystem Management Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
  6. Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;
  7. Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany;
  8. Department of Ornithology, University of Konstanz, 78543 Konstanz, Germany;
  9. Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; and
  10. Nature Research Center, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) July 16, 2012

Akses : DOI:10.1073/pnas.1205184109
Gambar : Christian Ziegler
Video : Patrick A. Jansen et.al., PNAS, DOI:10.1073/pnas.1205184109
YoTube : KeSimpulan.com http://www.youtube.com/user/KeSimpulanTube


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