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Sabtu, 26 Mei 2012

Fosilisasi Pigment Kantong Tinta Jurassic

Jurnal KeSimpulan.com - Fosilisasi pigment di batuan berdating 162 juta tahun. Fosil dua dimensi kantung tinta membuka rahasia pigmentasi era Jurassic.

Fosilisasi kantung tinta Cephalopoda, kelompok invertebrata tentacled yang hari ini mencakup gurita, cumi, dan sotong masih menuyimpan beberapa pigmen tinta. Peneliti menggali fosil 30 milimeter di batuan berdating 162 juta tahun batu di selatan Inggris, sekitar 40 kilometer sebelah timur dari Bristol.


Sezaman dinosaurus, eumelanin berwarna hitam kecoklatan melanin dan disimpan dalam kantung untuk disemprotkan sebagai pertahanan terhadap predator. Mikroskop elektron scanning mengungkapkan struktur bulat yang ukurannya sama dengan struktur pada tinta sotong modern (Sepia officinalis).

Tapi kesamaan fisik tidak membuktikan pigmen pada struktur-struktur yang utuh karena mineral bisa menggantikan partikel asli. Para peneliti melakukan berbagai uji kimia termasuk sampel menempatkan bahan dikorek dari fosil dalam larutan yang biasanya memecah pigmen melanin. Temuan baru dapat membantu ilmuwan mengidentifikasi eumelanin atau sisa-sisa di fosil lainnya yang pada gilirannya menjelaskan peran beragam pigmen pada organisme kuno.

Melanin adalah salah satu kelompok-kelompok senyawa biologis yang muncul di mana-mana seperti bulu burung, rambut manusia dan kulit. Sel struktur berisi pigmen juga telah terdeteksi dalam fosil yang memungkinkan peneliti merekonstruksi pola bulu dari dinosaurus.

Direct chemical evidence for eumelanin pigment from the Jurassic period

Keely Glass1, Shosuke Ito2, Philip R. Wilby3, Takayuki Sota4, Atsushi Nakamura4, C. Russell Bowers5, Jakob Vinther6, Suryendu Dutta7,8, Roger Summons7, Derek E. G. Briggs6, Kazumasa Wakamatsu2, and John D. Simon1,9
  1. Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
  2. Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
  3. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom
  4. Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
  5. Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
  6. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
  7. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
  8. Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
  9. Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), May 21, 2012

Akses : DOI:10.1073/pnas.1118448109

Gambar: British Geological Society

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